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File: PKPUsageEventPlugin.php
<?php

/**
 * @file plugins/generic/usageEvent/PKPUsageEventPlugin.php
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2013-2021 Simon Fraser University
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2021 John Willinsky
 * Distributed under the GNU GPL v3. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
 *
 * @class PKPUsageEventPlugin
 *
 * @ingroup plugins_generic_usageEvent
 *
 * @brief Base class for usage event plugin. Provide usage events to
 * other statistics plugins.
 */

namespace PKP\plugins\generic\usageEvent;

use APP\core\Application;
use APP\core\PageRouter;
use APP\template\TemplateManager;
use PKP\config\Config;
use PKP\context\Context;
use PKP\core\Core;
use PKP\core\DataObject;
use PKP\core\PKPRequest;
use PKP\db\DAORegistry;
use PKP\plugins\GenericPlugin;
use PKP\plugins\Hook;
use PKP\plugins\PluginRegistry;
use PKP\security\Role;
use PKP\security\RoleDAO;
use PKP\template\PKPTemplateManager;

// User classification types.
define('USAGE_EVENT_PLUGIN_CLASSIFICATION_BOT', 'bot');
define('USAGE_EVENT_PLUGIN_CLASSIFICATION_ADMIN', 'administrative');

abstract class PKPUsageEventPlugin extends GenericPlugin
{
    //
    // Implement methods from PKPPlugin.
    //
    /**
     * @copydoc Plugin::register()
     *
     * @param null|mixed $mainContextId
     */
    public function register($category, $path, $mainContextId = null)
    {
        $success = parent::register($category, $path, $mainContextId);

        if ($success) {
            $eventHooks = $this->getEventHooks();
            foreach ($eventHooks as $hook) {
                Hook::add($hook, [$this, 'getUsageEvent']);
            }
        }

        return $success;
    }

    /**
     * @copydoc LazyLoadPlugin::getName()
     */
    public function getName()
    {
        return 'usageeventplugin';
    }

    /**
     * @copydoc Plugin::getInstallSitePluginSettingsFile()
     */
    public function getInstallSitePluginSettingsFile()
    {
        return PKP_LIB_PATH . "/{$this->getPluginPath()}/settings.xml";
    }

    /**
     * @copydoc Plugin::getDisplayName()
     */
    public function getDisplayName()
    {
        return __('plugins.generic.usageEvent.displayName');
    }

    /**
     * @copydoc Plugin::getDescription()
     */
    public function getDescription()
    {
        return __('plugins.generic.usageEvent.description');
    }

    /**
     * @copydoc LazyLoadPlugin::getEnabled()
     *
     * @param null|mixed $contextId
     */
    public function getEnabled($contextId = null)
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @copydoc Plugin::isSitePlugin()
     */
    public function isSitePlugin()
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @copydoc Plugin::getCanEnable()
     */
    public function getCanEnable()
    {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * @copydoc Plugin::getCanDisable()
     */
    public function getCanDisable()
    {
        return false;
    }


    //
    // Public methods.
    //
    /**
     * Get the unique site id.
     *
     * @return mixed string or null
     */
    public function getUniqueSiteId()
    {
        return Application::get()->getUUID();
    }


    //
    // Hook implementations.
    //
    /**
     * Get usage event and pass it to the registered plugins, if any.
     */
    public function getUsageEvent($hookName, $args)
    {
        // Check if we have a registration to receive the usage event.
        if (Hook::getHooks('UsageEventPlugin::getUsageEvent')) {
            $usageEvent = $this->buildUsageEvent($hookName, $args);
            Hook::call('UsageEventPlugin::getUsageEvent', array_merge([$hookName, $usageEvent], $args));
        }
        return false;
    }


    //
    // Protected methods.
    //
    /**
     * Get all hooks that must be used to
     * generate usage events.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getEventHooks()
    {
        return [
            'TemplateManager::display',
            'FileManager::downloadFileFinished'
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Get all hooks that define the
     * finished file download.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getDownloadFinishedEventHooks()
    {
        return [
            'FileManager::downloadFileFinished'
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Build an usage event.
     *
     * @param string $hookName
     * @param array $args
     *
     * @return false|?array
     */
    protected function buildUsageEvent($hookName, $args)
    {
        // Finished downloading a file?
        if (in_array($hookName, $this->getDownloadFinishedEventHooks())) {
            // The usage event for this request is already build and
            // passed to any other registered hook.
            return null;
        }

        $application = Application::get();
        $request = $application->getRequest();
        $router = $request->getRouter(); /** @var PageRouter $router */
        $templateMgr = $args[0]; /** @var TemplateManager $templateMgr */

        // We are just interested in page requests.
        if (!($router instanceof PageRouter)) {
            return false;
        }

        // Check whether we are in journal context.
        $context = $router->getContext($request);
        if (!$context) {
            return false;
        }

        // Prepare request information.
        [$pubObject, $downloadSuccess, $assocType, $idParams, $canonicalUrlPage, $canonicalUrlOp, $canonicalUrlParams] =
            $this->getUsageEventData($hookName, $args, $request, $router, $templateMgr, $context);

        if (!$pubObject) {
            return false;
        }

        // Timestamp.
        $time = Core::getCurrentDate();

        // Actual document size, MIME type.
        $htmlPageAssocTypes = $this->getHtmlPageAssocTypes();
        if (in_array($assocType, $htmlPageAssocTypes)) {
            // HTML pages with no file downloads.
            $mimeType = 'text/html';
        } elseif ($pubObject instanceof \APP\issue\IssueGalley) {
            $mimeType = $pubObject->getFileType();
        } else {
            // Files.
            $path = $pubObject->getData('path');
            $mimeType = $pubObject->getData('mimetype');
        }

        $canonicalUrl = $router->url(
            $request,
            null,
            $canonicalUrlPage,
            $canonicalUrlOp,
            $canonicalUrlParams
        );

        // Make sure we log the server name and not aliases.
        $configBaseUrl = Config::getVar('general', 'base_url');
        $requestBaseUrl = $request->getBaseUrl();
        if ($requestBaseUrl !== $configBaseUrl) {
            // Make sure it's not an url override (no alias on that case).
            if (!in_array($requestBaseUrl, Config::getContextBaseUrls()) &&
                    $requestBaseUrl !== Config::getVar('general', 'base_url[index]')) {
                // Alias found, replace it by base_url from config file.
                // Make sure we use the correct base url override value for the context, if any.
                $baseUrlReplacement = Config::getVar('general', 'base_url[' . $context->getPath() . ']');
                if (!$baseUrlReplacement) {
                    $baseUrlReplacement = $configBaseUrl;
                }
                $canonicalUrl = str_replace($requestBaseUrl, $baseUrlReplacement, $canonicalUrl);
            }
        }

        // Public identifiers.
        // 1) A unique system internal ID that will help us to easily attribute
        //    statistics to a specific publication object.
        array_unshift($idParams, 'c' . $context->getId());
        $siteId = $this->getUniqueSiteId();
        array_unshift($idParams, $siteId);
        $applicationName = $application->getName();
        $applicationId = $applicationName . ':' . implode('-', $idParams);
        $idKey = 'other::' . $applicationName;
        $identifiers = [$idKey => $applicationId];

        // 2) Standardized public identifiers, e.g. DOI, URN, etc.
        if ($this->isPubIdObjectType($pubObject)) {
            $pubIdPlugins = PluginRegistry::loadCategory('pubIds', true, $context->getId());
            if (!empty($pubIdPlugins)) {
                foreach ($pubIdPlugins as $pubIdPlugin) {
                    if (!$pubIdPlugin->getEnabled()) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    $pubId = $pubObject->getStoredPubId($pubIdPlugin->getPubIdType());
                    if ($pubId) {
                        $identifiers[$pubIdPlugin->getPubIdType()] = $pubId;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Handle DOIs separately
            if ($context->areDoisEnabled()) {
                $pubId = $pubObject->getStoredPubId('doi');
                if ($pubId) {
                    $identifiers['doi'] = $pubId;
                }
            }
        }

        // Service URI.
        $serviceUri = $router->url($request, $context->getPath());

        // IP and Host.
        $ip = $request->getRemoteAddr();
        $host = null;
        if (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_HOST'])) {
            // We do NOT actively look up the remote host to
            // avoid the performance penalty. We only set the remote
            // host if we get it "for free".
            $host = $_SERVER['REMOTE_HOST'];
        }

        // HTTP user agent.
        $userAgent = $request->getUserAgent();

        // HTTP referrer.
        $referrer = ($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] ?? null);

        // User and roles.
        $user = $request->getUser();
        $roles = [];
        if ($user) {
            $roleDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('RoleDAO'); /** @var RoleDAO $roleDao */
            $rolesByContext = $roleDao->getByUserIdGroupedByContext($user->getId());
            foreach ([\PKP\core\PKPApplication::CONTEXT_SITE, $context->getId()] as $workingContext) {
                if (isset($rolesByContext[$workingContext])) {
                    foreach ($rolesByContext[$workingContext] as $roleId => $role) {
                        $roles[] = $roleId;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Try a simple classification of the request.
        $classification = null;
        if (!empty($roles)) {
            // Access by editors, authors, etc.
            $internalRoles = array_diff($roles, [Role::ROLE_ID_READER]);
            if (!empty($internalRoles)) {
                $classification = USAGE_EVENT_PLUGIN_CLASSIFICATION_ADMIN;
            }
        }
        if ($request->isBot()) {
            // The bot classification overwrites other classifications.
            $classification = USAGE_EVENT_PLUGIN_CLASSIFICATION_BOT;
        }
        // TODO: Classify LOCKSS or similar as 'internal' access.

        /*
        * Comparison of our event log format with Apache log parameters...
        *
        * 1) default parameters:
        * %h: remote hostname or IP => $ip, $host
        * %l: remote logname (identd) => not supported, see $user, $roles instead
        * %u: remote user => not supported, see $user, $roles instead
        * %t: request time => $time
        * %r: query => derived objects: $pubObject, $assocType, $canonicalUrl, $identifiers, $serviceUri, $classification
        * %s: status => not supported (always 200 in our case)
        *
        * 2) other common parameters
        * %O: bytes sent => not supported (cannot be reliably determined from within PHP)
        * %X: connection status => $downloadSuccess (not reliable!)
        * %{ContentType}o: => $mimeType
        * %{User-agent}i: => $userAgent
        * %{Referer}i: => $referrer
        *
        * Several items, e.g. time etc., may differ from what Apache
        * would actually log. But the differences do not matter for our use
        * cases.
        */

        // Collect all information into an array.
        $usageEvent = compact(
            'time',
            'pubObject',
            'assocType',
            'canonicalUrl',
            'mimeType',
            'identifiers',
            'downloadSuccess',
            'serviceUri',
            'ip',
            'host',
            'user',
            'roles',
            'userAgent',
            'referrer',
            'classification'
        );

        return $usageEvent;
    }

    /**
    * Get usage event details based on the passed hook.
    * Subclasses should extend to implement application specifics.
    *
    * @param string $hookName
    * @param array $hookArgs
    * @param PKPRequest $request
    * @param PageRouter $router
    * @param PKPTemplateManager $templateMgr
    * @param Context $context
    *
    * @return array With the following data:
    * DataObject the published object, boolean download success, integer used published object assoc type,
    * string used published object id foreign keys lookup (all parent associated objects id,
    * preceded with a single letter to identify the object), string canonical url page,
    * string canonical url operation, array with canonical url parameters.
    *
    * @see PKPUsageEventPlugin::buildUsageEvent()
    */
    protected function getUsageEventData($hookName, $hookArgs, $request, $router, $templateMgr, $context)
    {
        $nullVar = null;
        $pubObject = $nullVar;
        $downloadSuccess = false;
        $canonicalUrlPage = $canonicalUrlOp = $assocType = null;
        $canonicalUrlParams = $idParams = [];

        if ($hookName == 'TemplateManager::display') {
            $page = $router->getRequestedPage($request);
            $op = $router->getRequestedOp($request);

            // First check for a context index page view.
            if (($page == 'index' || empty($page)) && $op == 'index') {
                $pubObject = $templateMgr->getTemplateVars('currentContext');
                if ($pubObject instanceof Context) {
                    $assocType = Application::getContextAssocType();
                    $canonicalUrlOp = '';
                    $canonicalUrlPage = 'index';
                    $downloadSuccess = true;
                }
            }
        }

        return [$pubObject, $downloadSuccess, $assocType, $idParams, $canonicalUrlPage, $canonicalUrlOp, $canonicalUrlParams];
    }

    //
    // Abstract protected methods.
    //
    /**
     * Get all assoc types that have their usage event
     * produced by html page access.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    abstract protected function getHtmlPageAssocTypes();

    /**
     * Whether or not the passed object is of a type that can have
     * different public identifiers, like DOI, URN, etc.
     *
     * @param DataObject $pubObject
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    abstract protected function isPubIdObjectType($pubObject);
}