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File: Article.inc.php
<?php

/**
 * @defgroup article
 */

/**
 * @file classes/article/Article.inc.php
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Simon Fraser University
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
 * Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
 *
 * @class Article
 * @ingroup article
 * @see ArticleDAO
 *
 * @brief Article class.
 */


// Submission status constants
define('STATUS_ARCHIVED', 0);
define('STATUS_QUEUED', 1);
// define('STATUS_SCHEDULED', 2); // #2187: Scheduling queue removed.
define('STATUS_PUBLISHED', 3);
define('STATUS_DECLINED', 4);

// AuthorSubmission::getSubmissionStatus will return one of these in place of QUEUED:
define ('STATUS_QUEUED_UNASSIGNED', 5);
define ('STATUS_QUEUED_REVIEW', 6);
define ('STATUS_QUEUED_EDITING', 7);
define ('STATUS_INCOMPLETE', 8);

// Author display in ToC
define ('AUTHOR_TOC_DEFAULT', 0);
define ('AUTHOR_TOC_HIDE', 1);
define ('AUTHOR_TOC_SHOW', 2);

// Article RT comments
define ('COMMENTS_SECTION_DEFAULT', 0);
define ('COMMENTS_DISABLE', 1);
define ('COMMENTS_ENABLE', 2);

// License settings (internal use only)
define ('PERMISSIONS_FIELD_LICENSE_URL', 1);
define ('PERMISSIONS_FIELD_COPYRIGHT_HOLDER', 2);
define ('PERMISSIONS_FIELD_COPYRIGHT_YEAR', 3);

import('lib.pkp.classes.submission.Submission');

class Article extends Submission {
	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 */
	function Article() {
		// Switch on meta-data adapter support.
		$this->setHasLoadableAdapters(true);

		parent::Submission();
	}

	/**
	 * @see Submission::getAssocType()
	 */
	function getAssocType() {
		return ASSOC_TYPE_ARTICLE;
	}

	/**
	 * Get "localized" article title (if applicable). DEPRECATED
	 * in favour of getLocalizedTitle.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleTitle() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedTitle();
	}

	/**
	 * Get "localized" article abstract (if applicable). DEPRECATED
	 * in favour of getLocalizedAbstract.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleAbstract() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedAbstract();
	}

	//
	// Get/set methods
	//

	/**
	 * Get ID of article. DEPRECATED in favor of getId()
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getArticleId() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getId();
	}

	/**
	 * Set ID of article. DEPRECATED in favor of setId($id)
	 * @param $articleId int
	 */
	function setArticleId($articleId) {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->setId($articleId);
	}

	/**
	 * Return the "best" article ID -- If a public article ID is set,
	 * use it; otherwise use the internal article Id. (Checks the journal
	 * settings to ensure that the public ID feature is enabled.)
	 * @param $journal Object the journal this article is in
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getBestArticleId($journal = null) {
		// Retrieve the journal, if necessary.
		if (!isset($journal)) {
			$journalDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('JournalDAO');
			$journal = $journalDao->getById($this->getJournalId());
		}

		if ($journal->getSetting('enablePublicArticleId')) {
			$publicArticleId = $this->getPubId('publisher-id');
			if (!empty($publicArticleId)) return $publicArticleId;
		}
		return $this->getId();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the localized copyright holder for this article.
	 */
	function getLocalizedCopyrightHolder($preferredLocale = null) {
		return $this->getLocalizedData('copyrightHolder', $preferredLocale);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the license URL for this article.
	 */
	function getDefaultLicenseUrl() {
		return $this->_getDefaultLicenseFieldValue(null, PERMISSIONS_FIELD_LICENSE_URL);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the copyright holder for this article.
	 * @param $locale string Locale
	 */
	function getDefaultCopyrightHolder($locale) {
		return $this->_getDefaultLicenseFieldValue($locale, PERMISSIONS_FIELD_COPYRIGHT_HOLDER);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the copyright year for this article.
	 */
	function getDefaultCopyrightYear() {
		return $this->_getDefaultLicenseFieldValue(null, PERMISSIONS_FIELD_COPYRIGHT_YEAR);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the best guess license field for this article.
	 * Return the existing value if the field is already set,
	 * otherwise calculate a best value based on the Journal Settings.
	 * @param $locale string Locale
	 * @param $field int PERMISSIONS_FIELD_... Which to return
	 */
	function _getDefaultLicenseFieldValue($locale, $field) {
		// If already set, use the stored permissions info
		switch ($field) {
			case PERMISSIONS_FIELD_LICENSE_URL:
				$fieldValue = $this->getLicenseURL();
				break;
			case PERMISSIONS_FIELD_COPYRIGHT_HOLDER:
				$fieldValue = $this->getCopyrightHolder($locale);
				break;
			case PERMISSIONS_FIELD_COPYRIGHT_YEAR:
				$fieldValue = $this->getCopyrightYear();
				break;
			default: assert(false);
		}
		if (!empty($fieldValue)) {
			if ($locale === null || !is_array($fieldValue)) return $fieldValue;
			if (isset($fieldValue[$locale])) return $fieldValue[$locale];
		}

		// Otherwise, get the permissions info from journal settings.
		$journalDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('JournalDAO');
		$journal =& $journalDao->getById($this->getJournalId());
		switch ($field) {
			case PERMISSIONS_FIELD_LICENSE_URL:
				$licenseUrl = $journal->getSetting('licenseURL');
				break;
			case PERMISSIONS_FIELD_COPYRIGHT_HOLDER:
				switch($journal->getSetting('copyrightHolderType')) {
					case 'author':
						$copyrightHolder = array($journal->getPrimaryLocale() => $this->getAuthorString());
						break;
					case 'other':
						$copyrightHolder = $journal->getSetting('copyrightHolderOther');
						break;
					case 'journal':
					default:
						$copyrightHolder = $journal->getTitle(null);
						break;
				}
				break;
			case PERMISSIONS_FIELD_COPYRIGHT_YEAR:
				// Default copyright year to current year
				$copyrightYear = date('Y');
				// Override based on journal settings
				$publishedArticleDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('PublishedArticleDAO');
				$publishedArticle = $publishedArticleDao->getPublishedArticleByArticleId($this->getId());
				if ($publishedArticle) {
					switch($journal->getSetting('copyrightYearBasis')) {
						case 'article':
							// override to the article's year if published as you go
							$copyrightYear = date('Y', strtotime($publishedArticle->getDatePublished()));
							break;
						case 'issue':
							if ($publishedArticle->getIssueId()) {
								// override to the issue's year if published as issue-based
								$issueDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('IssueDAO');
								$issue = $issueDao->getIssueByArticleId($this->getId());
								if ($issue && $issue->getDatePublished()) {
									$copyrightYear = date('Y', strtotime($issue->getDatePublished()));
								}
							}
							break;
						default: assert(false);
					}
				}
				break;
			default: assert(false);
		}

		switch ($field) {
			case PERMISSIONS_FIELD_LICENSE_URL:
				$fieldValue = $licenseUrl;
				break;
			case PERMISSIONS_FIELD_COPYRIGHT_HOLDER:
				$fieldValue = $copyrightHolder;
				break;
			case PERMISSIONS_FIELD_COPYRIGHT_YEAR:
				$fieldValue = $copyrightYear;
				break;
			default: assert(false);
		}

		// Return the fetched license field
		if ($locale === null || !is_array($fieldValue)) return $fieldValue;
		if (isset($fieldValue[$locale])) return $fieldValue[$locale];
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Get a public ID for this article.
	 * @param $pubIdType string One of the NLM pub-id-type values or
	 * 'other::something' if not part of the official NLM list
	 * (see <http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/tag-library/n-4zh0.html>).
	 * @var $preview boolean If true, generate a non-persisted preview only.
	 */
	function getPubId($pubIdType, $preview = false) {
		// FIXME: Move publisher-id to PID plug-in.
		if ($pubIdType === 'publisher-id') {
			$pubId = $this->getStoredPubId($pubIdType);
			return ($pubId ? $pubId : null);
		}

		$pubIdPlugins =& PluginRegistry::loadCategory('pubIds', true, $this->getJournalId());

		if (is_array($pubIdPlugins)) {
			foreach ($pubIdPlugins as $pubIdPlugin) {
				if ($pubIdPlugin->getPubIdType() == $pubIdType) {
					// If we already have an assigned ID, use it.
					$storedId = $this->getStoredPubId($pubIdType);
					if (!empty($storedId)) return $storedId;

					return $pubIdPlugin->getPubId($this, $preview);
				}
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Get ID of journal.
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getJournalId() {
		return $this->getData('journalId');
	}

	/**
	 * Set ID of journal.
	 * @param $journalId int
	 */
	function setJournalId($journalId) {
		return $this->setData('journalId', $journalId);
	}

	/**
	 * Get ID of article's section.
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getSectionId() {
		return $this->getData('sectionId');
	}

	/**
	 * Set ID of article's section.
	 * @param $sectionId int
	 */
	function setSectionId($sectionId) {
		return $this->setData('sectionId', $sectionId);
	}

	/**
	 * Get stored public ID of the submission.
	 * @param $pubIdType string One of the NLM pub-id-type values or
	 * 'other::something' if not part of the official NLM list
	 * (see <http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/tag-library/n-4zh0.html>).
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getStoredPubId($pubIdType) {
		return $this->getData('pub-id::'.$pubIdType);
	}

	/**
	 * Set the stored public ID of the submission.
	 * @param $pubIdType string One of the NLM pub-id-type values or
	 * 'other::something' if not part of the official NLM list
	 * (see <http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/tag-library/n-4zh0.html>).
	 * @param $pubId string
	 */
	function setStoredPubId($pubIdType, $pubId) {
		return $this->setData('pub-id::'.$pubIdType, $pubId);
	}

	/**
	 * Get stored copyright holder for the submission.
	 * @param $locale string locale
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getCopyrightHolder($locale) {
		return $this->getData('copyrightHolder', $locale);
	}

	/**
	 * Set the stored copyright holder for the submission.
	 * @param $copyrightHolder string Copyright holder
	 * @param $locale string locale
	 */
	function setCopyrightHolder($copyrightHolder, $locale) {
		return $this->setData('copyrightHolder', $copyrightHolder, $locale);
	}

	/**
	 * Get stored copyright year for the submission.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getCopyrightYear() {
		return $this->getData('copyrightYear');
	}

	/**
	 * Set the stored copyright year for the submission.
	 * @param $copyrightYear string Copyright holder
	 */
	function setCopyrightYear($copyrightYear) {
		return $this->setData('copyrightYear', $copyrightYear);
	}

	/**
	 * Get stored license URL for the submission content.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getLicenseURL() {
		return $this->getData('licenseURL');
	}

	/**
	 * Set the stored license URL for the submission content.
	 * @param $license string License of submission content
	 */
	function setLicenseURL($licenseUrl) {
		return $this->setData('licenseURL', $licenseUrl);
	}

	/**
	 * Get title of article's section.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getSectionTitle() {
		return $this->getData('sectionTitle');
	}

	/**
	 * Set title of article's section.
	 * @param $sectionTitle string
	 */
	function setSectionTitle($sectionTitle) {
		return $this->setData('sectionTitle', $sectionTitle);
	}

	/**
	 * Get section abbreviation.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getSectionAbbrev() {
		return $this->getData('sectionAbbrev');
	}

	/**
	 * Set section abbreviation.
	 * @param $sectionAbbrev string
	 */
	function setSectionAbbrev($sectionAbbrev) {
		return $this->setData('sectionAbbrev', $sectionAbbrev);
	}

	/**
	 * Return the localized discipline. DEPRECATED in favour of
	 * getLocalizedDiscipline.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleDiscipline() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedDiscipline();
	}

	/**
	 * Return the localized subject classification. DEPRECATED
	 * in favour of getLocalizedSubjectClass.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleSubjectClass() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedSubjectClass();
	}

	/**
	 * Return the localized subject. DEPRECATED in favour of
	 * getLocalizedSubject.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleSubject() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedSubject();
	}

	/**
	 * Return the localized geographical coverage. DEPRECATED
	 * in favour of getLocalizedCoverageGeo.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleCoverageGeo() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedCoverageGeo();
	}

	/**
	 * Return the localized chronological coverage. DEPRECATED
	 * in favour of getLocalizedCoverageChron.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleCoverageChron() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedCoverageChron();
	}

	/**
	 * Return the localized sample coverage. DEPRECATED in favour
	 * of getLocalizedCoverageSample.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleCoverageSample() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedCoverageSample();
	}

	/**
	 * Return the localized type (method/approach). DEPRECATED
	 * in favour of getLocalizedType.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleType() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedType();
	}

	/**
	 * Return the localized sponsor. DEPRECATED in favour
	 * of getLocalizedSponsor.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleSponsor() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedSponsor();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the localized article cover filename. DEPRECATED
	 * in favour of getLocalizedFileName.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleFileName() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedFileName('fileName');
	}

	/**
	 * Get the localized article cover width. DEPRECATED
	 * in favour of getLocalizedWidth.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleWidth() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedWidth();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the localized article cover height. DEPRECATED
	 * in favour of getLocalizedHeight.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleHeight() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedHeight();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the localized article cover filename on the uploader's computer.
	 * DEPRECATED in favour of getLocalizedOriginalFileName.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleOriginalFileName() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedData('originalFileName');
	}

	/**
	 * Get the localized article cover alternate text. DEPRECATED
	 * in favour of getLocalizedCoverPageAltText.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleCoverPageAltText() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedCoverPageAltText();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the flag indicating whether or not to show
	 * an article cover page. DEPRECATED in favour of
	 * getLocalizedShowCoverPage.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getArticleShowCoverPage() {
		if (Config::getVar('debug', 'deprecation_warnings')) trigger_error('Deprecated function.');
		return $this->getLocalizedShowCoverPage();
	}

	/**
	 * Get comments to editor.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getCommentsToEditor() {
		return $this->getData('commentsToEditor');
	}

	/**
	 * Set comments to editor.
	 * @param $commentsToEditor string
	 */
	function setCommentsToEditor($commentsToEditor) {
		return $this->setData('commentsToEditor', $commentsToEditor);
	}

	/**
	 * Get current review round.
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getCurrentRound() {
		return $this->getData('currentRound');
	}

	/**
	 * Set current review round.
	 * @param $currentRound int
	 */
	function setCurrentRound($currentRound) {
		return $this->setData('currentRound', $currentRound);
	}

	/**
	 * Get editor file id.
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getEditorFileId() {
		return $this->getData('editorFileId');
	}

	/**
	 * Set editor file id.
	 * @param $editorFileId int
	 */
	function setEditorFileId($editorFileId) {
		return $this->setData('editorFileId', $editorFileId);
	}

	/**
	 * get expedited
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	function getFastTracked() {
		return $this->getData('fastTracked');
	}

	/**
	 * set fastTracked
	 * @param $fastTracked boolean
	 */
	function setFastTracked($fastTracked) {
		return $this->setData('fastTracked',$fastTracked);
	}

	/**
	 * Return option selection indicating if author should be hidden in issue ToC.
	 * @return int AUTHOR_TOC_...
	 */
	function getHideAuthor() {
		return $this->getData('hideAuthor');
	}

	/**
	 * Set option selection indicating if author should be hidden in issue ToC.
	 * @param $hideAuthor int AUTHOR_TOC_...
	 */
	function setHideAuthor($hideAuthor) {
		return $this->setData('hideAuthor', $hideAuthor);
	}

	/**
	 * Return locale string corresponding to RT comments status.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getCommentsStatusString() {
		switch ($this->getCommentsStatus()) {
			case COMMENTS_DISABLE:
				return 'article.comments.disable';
			case COMMENTS_ENABLE:
				return 'article.comments.enable';
			default:
				return 'article.comments.sectionDefault';
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return boolean indicating if article RT comments should be enabled.
	 * Checks both the section and article comments status. Article status
	 * overrides section status.
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getEnableComments() {
		switch ($this->getCommentsStatus()) {
			case COMMENTS_DISABLE:
				return false;
			case COMMENTS_ENABLE:
				return true;
			case COMMENTS_SECTION_DEFAULT:
				$sectionDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('SectionDAO');
				$section =& $sectionDao->getSection($this->getSectionId(), $this->getJournalId(), true);
				if (!$section || $section->getDisableComments()) {
					return false;
				} else {
					return true;
				}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get an associative array matching RT comments status codes with locale strings.
	 * @return array comments status => localeString
	 */
	function &getCommentsStatusOptions() {
		static $commentsStatusOptions = array(
			COMMENTS_SECTION_DEFAULT => 'article.comments.sectionDefault',
			COMMENTS_DISABLE => 'article.comments.disable',
			COMMENTS_ENABLE => 'article.comments.enable'
		);
		return $commentsStatusOptions;
	}

	/**
	 * Get an array of user IDs associated with this article
	 * @param $authors boolean
	 * @param $reviewers boolean
	 * @param $editors boolean
	 * @param $proofreader boolean
	 * @param $copyeditor boolean
	 * @param $layoutEditor boolean
	 * @return array User IDs
	 */
	function getAssociatedUserIds($authors = true, $reviewers = true, $editors = true, $proofreader = true, $copyeditor = true, $layoutEditor = true) {
		$articleId = $this->getId();
		$signoffDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('SignoffDAO');

		$userIds = array();

		if($authors) {
			$userId = $this->getUserId();
			if ($userId) $userIds[] = array('id' => $userId, 'role' => 'author');
		}

		if($editors) {
			$editAssignmentDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('EditAssignmentDAO');
			$editAssignments =& $editAssignmentDao->getEditorAssignmentsByArticleId($articleId);
			while ($editAssignment =& $editAssignments->next()) {
				$userId = $editAssignment->getEditorId();
				if ($userId) $userIds[] = array('id' => $userId, 'role' => 'editor');
				unset($editAssignment);
			}
		}

		if($copyeditor) {
			$copyedSignoff = $signoffDao->build('SIGNOFF_COPYEDITING_INITIAL', ASSOC_TYPE_ARTICLE, $articleId);
			$userId = $copyedSignoff->getUserId();
			if ($userId) $userIds[] = array('id' => $userId, 'role' => 'copyeditor');
		}

		if($layoutEditor) {
			$layoutSignoff = $signoffDao->build('SIGNOFF_LAYOUT', ASSOC_TYPE_ARTICLE, $articleId);
			$userId = $layoutSignoff->getUserId();
			if ($userId) $userIds[] = array('id' => $userId, 'role' => 'layoutEditor');
		}

		if($proofreader) {
			$proofSignoff = $signoffDao->build('SIGNOFF_PROOFREADING_PROOFREADER', ASSOC_TYPE_ARTICLE, $articleId);
			$userId = $proofSignoff->getUserId();
			if ($userId) $userIds[] = array('id' => $userId, 'role' => 'proofreader');
		}

		if($reviewers) {
			$reviewAssignmentDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('ReviewAssignmentDAO');
			$reviewAssignments =& $reviewAssignmentDao->getBySubmissionId($articleId);
			foreach ($reviewAssignments as $reviewAssignment) {
				$userId = $reviewAssignment->getReviewerId();
				if ($userId) $userIds[] = array('id' => $userId, 'role' => 'reviewer');
				unset($reviewAssignment);
			}
		}

		return $userIds;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the signoff for this article
	 * @param $signoffType string
	 * @return Signoff
	 */
	function getSignoff($signoffType) {
		$signoffDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('SignoffDAO');
		return $signoffDao->build($signoffType, ASSOC_TYPE_ARTICLE, $this->getId());
	}

	/**
	 * Get the file for this article at a given signoff stage
	 * @param $signoffType string
	 * @param $idOnly boolean Return only file ID
	 * @return ArticleFile
	 */
	function &getFileBySignoffType($signoffType, $idOnly = false) {
		$articleFileDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('ArticleFileDAO');
		$signoffDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('SignoffDAO');

		$signoff = $signoffDao->build($signoffType, ASSOC_TYPE_ARTICLE, $this->getId());
		if (!$signoff) {
			$returner = false;
			return $returner;
		}

		if ($idOnly) {
			$returner = $signoff->getFileId();
			return $returner;
		}

		$articleFile =& $articleFileDao->getArticleFile($signoff->getFileId(), $signoff->getFileRevision());
		return $articleFile;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the user associated with a given signoff and this article
	 * @param $signoffType string
	 * @return User
	 */
	function &getUserBySignoffType($signoffType) {
		$signoffDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('SignoffDAO');
		$userDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('UserDAO');

		$signoff = $signoffDao->build($signoffType, ASSOC_TYPE_ARTICLE, $this->getId());
		if (!$signoff) {
			$returner = false;
			return $returner;
		}

		$user =& $userDao->getById($signoff->getUserId());
		return $user;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the user id associated with a given signoff and this article
	 * @param $signoffType string
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getUserIdBySignoffType($signoffType) {
		$signoffDao =& DAORegistry::getDAO('SignoffDAO');

		$signoff = $signoffDao->build($signoffType, ASSOC_TYPE_ARTICLE, $this->getId());
		if (!$signoff) return false;

		return $signoff->getUserId();
	}

	/**
	 * Get starting page of an article.
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getStartingPage() {
		preg_match('/^[^\d]*(\d+)\D*(.*)$/', $this->getPages(), $pages);
		return $pages[1];
	}

	/**
	 * Get ending page of an article.
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getEndingPage() {
		preg_match('/^[^\d]*(\d+)\D*(.*)$/', $this->getPages(), $pages);
		return $pages[2];
	}

	/**
	 * Initialize the copyright and license metadata for an article.
	 * This should be called at creation and at publication, to setup license/copyright holder and copyright year, respectively.
	 * This depends on the permissions configuration in Journal Setup, and (potentially) on the authors of a article being populated.
	 * Only initializes empty fields because of the getDefault...() behaviour, so subsequent calls are safe.
	 */
	function initializePermissions() {
		$this->setLicenseURL($this->getDefaultLicenseURL());
		$this->setCopyrightHolder($this->getDefaultCopyrightHolder(null), null);
		if ($this->getStatus() == STATUS_PUBLISHED) {
			$this->setCopyrightYear($this->getDefaultCopyrightYear());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Determines whether or not the license for copyright on this Article is
	 * a Creative Commons license or not.
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	function isCCLicense() {
		if (preg_match('/creativecommons\.org/i', $this->getLicenseURL())) {
			return true;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}
}

?>